Keysight Technologies High-Accuracy Noise Figure Measurements Using the PNA-X Series Network Analyzer

Optimizing On-Wafer Noise Figure Measurements up to 67 GHz

Two techniques are commonly used to measure NF: the Y-factor method and the cold-source method. The Y-factor or hot/ cold-source method is the predominant approach and is most commonly implemented with noise-figure analyzers and spectrum analyzer-based solutions. In contrast, the cold-source method is usually performed using vector network analyzers (VNAs), which provide magnitude and phase inf...

Keysight Technologies Understanding and Improving Network Analyzer Dynamic Range

Keysight Technologies Simulation and Measurement-based X-parameter Models for Power Amplifiers with Envelope Tracking

Static X-parameter (XP) models for RF power amplifiers (PAs), derived from both simulations and nonlinear vector network analyzer (NVNA) measurements, are investigated for the prediction of PA performance under dynamic signal conditions such as in envelope tracking (ET). The instantaneous AM-AM, AM-PM and PAE predictions of XP models extracted from simulation are compared under ET dynamic signa...

A Modified Noise Analysis of a Common Source ̶ Common Gate Low Noise Transconductance Amplifier for Sub-micron Technologies

This paper is based on analysis of a common source - common gate low noise transconductance amplifier (CS-CG LNTA). Conventional noise analyses equations are modified by considering to the low output impedance of the sub-micron transistors and also, parasitic gate-source capacitance. The calculated equations are more accurate than calculated equations in other works. Also, analyses show that th...

Absolute calibration of a wideband antenna and spectrometer for accurate sky noise temperature measurements

[1] A new method of absolute calibration of sky noise temperature using a three-position switched spectrometer, measurements of antenna and low noise amplifier impedance with a vector network analyzer, and ancillary measurements of the amplifier noise waves is described and compared with other methods of calibration. An initial test of the method has been made using brief observations from 55 t...